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By Darren De Marco
Article Tags:custom transformers, step-up, step-down, transformers
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<title>CUSTOM TRANSFORMERS/by Jackson Engineering</title>
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<p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>CUSTOM
TRANSFORMERS/Jackson Engineering<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal>A step-up transformer has its secondary voltage <sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype
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<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image001.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=17 height=24
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image002.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1025"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1025"
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primary voltage <sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1026" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:15pt;height:18.75pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image003.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=20 height=25
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and a step-down transformer has its secondary voltage <sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1027" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:12.75pt;height:18pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image005.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=17 height=24
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image006.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1027"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1027"
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</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>less than its primary
voltage <sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1028" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:15pt;height:18.75pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image003.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=20 height=25
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<p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>This article
demonstrates that given a fixed primary voltage <sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
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</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=20 height=25
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<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1029"
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</xml><![endif]-->, the secondary (step-up or step-down) voltage <sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1030" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:12.75pt;height:18pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image001.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=17 height=24
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image009.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1030"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1030"
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</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>produced by the
transformer is mathematically determined by the number of its primary and
secondary windings <sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1031" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:18pt;height:18.75pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image010.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=24 height=25
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<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1031"
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id="_x0000_i1032" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:17.25pt;height:18pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image012.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=23 height=24
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image013.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1032"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>respectively. <br>
</b><br>
Let's first review some fundamental transformer concepts. Transformers
transfer electrical power (energy) from one electrical circuit to another,
through its coils. Each primary and secondary coil has a set number of
windings (wound about two opposite sides of a magnetic core) <b
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</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=24 height=25
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style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1034"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:17.25pt;height:18pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image012.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=23 height=24
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yes"> </span>respectively. <br>
<br>
<b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>Through the study of Physics - Electricity
& Magnetism</b>, given a fixed primary voltage <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1035" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:15pt;height:18.75pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image003.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=20 height=25
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image016.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1035"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1035"
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</xml><![endif]-->,</b> a changing current passing through a magnetic cores
primary coil winding creates a magnetic field through the cores secondary coil
winding. The magnetic field "induces” an electro-magnetic force
(emf) or voltage in the secondary winding. This new voltage is called the
"induced voltage", and is used to produce the electrical power
(current) used in our everyday life.<br>
<br>
When a load is connected to the “secondary”, electric current flows through the
secondary winding. Therefore electrical energy is transferred
(transformed using a transformer) from the primary circuit through the
transformer to the load.<br>
<br>
<br>
Show picture!<br>
<br>
<br>
In an optimal transformer, the induced secondary voltage <sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1051" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:12.75pt;height:18pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image001.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=17 height=24
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image017.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1051"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1051"
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</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>is proportional<br>
to the fixed primary voltage<sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1052"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:15pt;height:18.75pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image003.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=20 height=25
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image018.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1052"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1052"
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</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]-->. <br>
Mathematically this means <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1053" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:51.75pt;height:18.75pt'
o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image019.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=69 height=25
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image020.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1053"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1053"
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</xml><![endif]--></b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>(where k is the
constant of proportionality).<br>
<sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1054" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:51.75pt;
height:18.75pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image021.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=69 height=25
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image022.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1054"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1054"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1333525971">
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</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>(Equation 1) <br>
<br>
It is also true that <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>k equals the ratio
of the number of winding turns in the <br>
secondary coil <sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1055" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:17.25pt;height:18pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image023.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=23 height=24
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image024.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1055"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</xml><![endif]-->, to the number of winding turns in the primary coil <sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1056" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:18pt;height:18.75pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image010.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=24 height=25
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image025.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1056"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1056"
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Mathematically this means<sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1057"
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<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image026.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=55 height=48
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image027.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1057"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1057"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1333525974">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]-->.</p>
<p class=MsoNormal><sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1058" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:41.25pt;height:36pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image028.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=55 height=48
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image029.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1058"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1058"
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</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>(Equation 2) <br>
<br>
Next substituting <sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1059" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:21.75pt;height:36pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image030.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=29 height=48
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image031.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1059"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1059"
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</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>for k in (Equation 1)
makes <sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1060" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:12.75pt;height:18pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image001.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=17 height=24
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image032.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1060"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1060"
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</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>= [<sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1061" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:21.75pt;height:36pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image033.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=29 height=48
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image034.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1061"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1061"
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</xml><![endif]-->][<b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1062" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:15pt;height:18.75pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image003.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=20 height=25
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image035.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1062"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1063" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:12.75pt;
height:18pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image001.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=17 height=24
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image036.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1063"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1063"
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</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>= [<sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1064" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:21.75pt;height:36pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image033.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=29 height=48
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image037.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1064"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1064"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1333525981">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]-->] [<b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1065" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:15pt;height:18.75pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image003.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=20 height=25
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image038.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1065"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1065"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1333525982">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--></b>] <span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>(Equation
3) <br>
Next notice that (using Equation 3) since the primary voltage <b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1066"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:15pt;height:18.75pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image003.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=20 height=25
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image039.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1066"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1066"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1333525983">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--></b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>is a fixed
voltage, the secondary voltage <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1067" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:12.75pt;height:18pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image001.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=17 height=24
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image040.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1067"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1067"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1333525984">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--></b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>depends on the
number of windings <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1068" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:17.25pt;height:18pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image012.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=23 height=24
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image041.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1068"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1068"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1333525985">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--></b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>and<b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'> <sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1069"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:18pt;height:18.75pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image010.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=24 height=25
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image042.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1069"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1069"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1333525986">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></b>of the
transformer.<br style='mso-special-character:line-break'>
<![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]><br style='mso-special-character:line-break'>
<![endif]></p>
<p class=MsoNormal>CASE 1)<br>
By making <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1070" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:17.25pt;height:18pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image012.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=23 height=24
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image043.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1070"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1070"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1333525987">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--></b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><<b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'> <sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1071"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:18pt;height:18.75pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image010.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=24 height=25
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image044.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1071"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1071"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1333525988">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--></b>, <sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1072"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:21.75pt;height:36pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image045.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=29 height=48
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image046.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1072"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1072"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1333525989">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]-->< 1. Therefore the secondary voltage <b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1073"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:12.75pt;height:18pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image001.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=17 height=24
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image047.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1073"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1073"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1333525990">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--></b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>is a proper
fraction of <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1074" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:15pt;height:18.75pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image003.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=20 height=25
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image048.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1074"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1074"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1333525991">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--></b>. This means <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1075" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:12.75pt;height:18pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image001.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=17 height=24
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image049.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1075"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1075"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1333525992">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--></b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>is stepped-down
from <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1076" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:15pt;height:18.75pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image003.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=20 height=25
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image050.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1076"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1076"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1333525993">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--></b>. Therefore the secondary step-down voltage <b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1077"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:12.75pt;height:18pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image001.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=17 height=24
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image051.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1077"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1077"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1333525994">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></b>produced by the
transformer is mathematically determined by the number of its primary and
secondary windings <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1078" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:18pt;height:18.75pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image010.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=24 height=25
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image052.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1078"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1078"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1333525995">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--></b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>and <b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1079"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:17.25pt;height:18pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image012.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=23 height=24
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image053.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1079"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1079"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1333525996">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--></b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>respectively.
<br>
<br>
CASE 2)</p>
<p class=MsoNormal>By making <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1080" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:17.25pt;height:18pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image012.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=23 height=24
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image054.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1080"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1080"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1333525997">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></b><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'> <sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1081" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:18pt;height:18.75pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image010.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=24 height=25
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image055.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1081"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1081"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1333525998">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--></b>,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1082" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:21.75pt;height:36pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image056.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=29 height=48
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image057.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1082"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1082"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1333525999">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>> 1.
Therefore the secondary voltage <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1083" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:12.75pt;height:18pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image001.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=17 height=24
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image058.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1083"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1083"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1333526000">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--></b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>is the product of<br>
<b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1084"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:15pt;height:18.75pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image003.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=20 height=25
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image059.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1084"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1084"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1333526001">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--></b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>and a number
greater than one. This means <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1085" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:12.75pt;height:18pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image001.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=17 height=24
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image060.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1085"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1085"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1333526002">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--></b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>is stepped-up
from <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1086" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:15pt;height:18.75pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image003.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=20 height=25
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image061.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1086"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1086"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1333526003">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--></b>. <br>
Therefore the secondary step-up voltage <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1087" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:12.75pt;height:18pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image001.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=17 height=24
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image062.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1087"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1087"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1333526005">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--></b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>produced by the
transformer is again mathematically determined by the number of its primary and
secondary windings<b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1088" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:18pt;height:18.75pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image010.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=24 height=25
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image063.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1088"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1088"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1333526006">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--></b> and <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1089" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:17.25pt;height:18pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image012.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=23 height=24
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image064.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1089"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1089"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1333526007">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></b>respectively.
<br>
<br>
In conclusion, by changing <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1090" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:18pt;height:18.75pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image010.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=24 height=25
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image065.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1090"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1090"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1333526008">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></b>and <b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1091"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:17.25pt;height:18pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image012.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=23 height=24
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image066.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1091"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1091"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1333526009">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--></b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>with a fixed
primary voltage <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1092" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:15pt;height:18.75pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image003.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=20 height=25
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image067.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1092"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1092"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1333526010">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--></b>, the secondary <br>
voltage <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1093" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:12.75pt;height:18pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image001.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=17 height=24
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image068.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1093"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1093"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1333526011">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--></b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>can be changed to
a greater or lesser amount than the primary voltage <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1094" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:15pt;height:18.75pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image003.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=20 height=25
src="./CUSTOM%20TRANSFORMERS_files/image069.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1094"><![endif]></sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1094"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1333526012">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--></b>,<br>
<b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>hence the terms step-up or step-down
transformers</b>.</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
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Article Source:http://doarticle.com/Step-up-Step-down-Transformers-79982/
Darren De Marco is a Mathematician and has numerous Math discoveries. http://www.custom-transformers.com
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